Chapter 1: How it
All Began…
Carmina woke up one morning
and realized that the reason to believe in a brighter future seemed deem and
the future was no more aspired than the past because both had a common
denominator–despair and hopelessness. She had dreamed of an African Renaissance, a dream of
transition from a continent looming with wars and an unending array of
conflicts to one of green pastures blossoming with indigenous knowledge
systems, celebration of indigenous languages, and traditional African values. However,
the dream had just been a dream in its purest sense! The renaissance once spoken of by the intelligentsia had shifted to be a millennium plan or something of
that sort, which was essentially an attempt toward a more manageable aspect of
business that confined with standards of international trade, Western-generated
success benchmarks, and the like. The renaissance had been substituted; the
African Renaissance person was a victim of unexplainable death; a demise worse
than the unfathomable syndromes of our age.
Carmina woke up casting down a
face of sorrow, pain, agony, yet in the heart of hearts there was a seed planted
that could not be uprooted by the most avidly starving storm for it was deep
inside the soul and it defined the essence of the future, so the memories of
the time when the beam of hope shone continued to live within and needed not
cease. Deep within Carmina’s heart there was the desire to re-live that beam of
hope, even if for just a short moment.
I stood at the bus stop and reflected on the words of one of the beloved
Mozambican writers,
O que mais doi na miséria é a ignorância que ela
tem de si mesma. Confrontados com a ausência de tudo, os homens abstêm-se do
sonho, desarmando-se do desejo de serem outros. Existe no nada essa ilusâo de
plenitude que faz parar a vida e anoitecer as vozes. [Mia Couto (1987).
"Vozes Anoitecidas." Lisboa,
Portugal: Caminho.]
The voices, indeed, had been made night by who knows whom. Someone or
some people perhaps close… perhaps far… perhaps in the imagined world of
economic and political markets… had made the voices of the Renaissance dormant
and meaningless and had allowed nothingness to stop the life and hope of many.
Mia Couto’s words are very insightful and relevant to the core plight of Carmina.
The ignorance of misery is more painful than the mere existence of misery; and,
in facing absolute lack, humans do loose the will to dream and they disarm
themselves of the will to change their fortune. I pondered swayed by voices in
the distance echoing abstract realm of my being, “Could Africa in general be
facing such a challenge or is Africa’s dilemma rooted in deeper issues?” “Did
we make our own voices night because we are afraid of keeping them in the light
of day for what they represent to us?”
In that very moment, while waiting for a delayed bus, I thought of how
many years had passed since the first thought of writing a book overwhelmed me
because the book had to reflect my deepest inner thoughts and the circumstances
of my continent, even if only of a segment of the large African continent. From
the age of nine I was interested in writing for publication, yet the journey
had culminated in a series of frustrations that ranged from writing Portuguese-language
poetry to English-language poetry, but never getting an opportunity to publish.
Misfortune would visit as if an old uncle claiming a relationship we never had,
only to spoil my sense of accomplishment—in such a personified fashion my work
either got lost in the hands of an inebriated General Secretary of the Writers’
Association in Mozambique or crashed with my computer to the point of
no-recovery. “What could I do? I was only 10 or 11-years-old and had no idea
what it meant to have to protect my own work or keep copies for my own
records!” I reflected in a way to comfort myself from such a dire loss of
invaluable work. However, overwhelmed by the desire to let others know what most
of the humans I have encountered fantasized about and what my creative ability
could generate, I engaged in this journey of turning pieces of my academic and
fictional work into a creative lyrical painting that would describe the plight
of a people whose blessed day may never come, a people whose desire for
self-affirmation seems remote, and a people on whom beams of hope once shone
yet no one knows where such beams have gone.
It was in the year 1997 when I first came face-to-face with the term African
Renaissance brought to the public’s attention by Thabo Mbeki, president of South Africa
after Nelson Mandela. Immediately, I fell in love with the term because it
seemed to embed most of my plight for a liberated Africa.
I had dreamed of a liberated Africa with new
beginnings, new hopes, new visions, and a re-invigorated people whose sense of
identity was unshakable and deeply rooted in the traditions of their
forefathers yet a people that could live in a world of multiculturalism and internationalism.
Through poetry I had already sent A Cry for my People when I wrote:
My people are in
great distress
in great suffering we dwell by day
and nightmares haunt our night-lay.
Babies are born everyday
while thousands of talents die each day
with them succumb precious dreams
beautiful African dreams once held sway.
Africa is crying. . .
Crying endless tears of pain and disdain
tears that never knew refrain or gain.
Africa is crying. . .
Crying for the salvation of her Children
living Children now dying
knowing not their eternal destiny
We are now crying tears of pain
tortured by the depression of the mother-land
a land that suffers great slain
where drought, famine and war seem to land.
in great suffering we dwell by day
and nightmares haunt our night-lay.
Babies are born everyday
while thousands of talents die each day
with them succumb precious dreams
beautiful African dreams once held sway.
Africa is crying. . .
Crying endless tears of pain and disdain
tears that never knew refrain or gain.
Africa is crying. . .
Crying for the salvation of her Children
living Children now dying
knowing not their eternal destiny
We are now crying tears of pain
tortured by the depression of the mother-land
a land that suffers great slain
where drought, famine and war seem to land.
My hope in writing poetry was to enlighten the world about the
difficulties to live and grasp the circumstances we were facing in Africa. Enlightenment, being the key of my intentions,
became in part a reason for my pursuit of Mbeki’s advocacy for an African
Renaissance and since an investigation of a Renaissance required an
investigation into history and literature, I saw myself plunge into the works
of celebrated African writers and those referencing celebrated African names
such as Equiano and Leo Africanus and movements such as Negritude and
Pan-Africanism. My journey into the African Renaissance was gradually
rewarding, as it became more and more a part of my life rather than just an
academic exercise. The beams of hope brought by the vision of an African
Renaissance provided warmth to my pursuit of knowledge and inspiration. I soon
suspected that this thing termed African Renaissance was purposefully
termed as such by people that willed a re-birth of some sort in the African
continent. This suspicion caused me to acquaint myself further with the famous
exploits of the humanists, during the European Renaissance, such as Michelangelo,
Leonardo da Vinci, Dante, etc., depicting a spirit of a continent’s re-birth.
Essentially, I suspected that if Africa was to term anything renaissance then the understanding of a
prior renaissance was crucial; however, I also suspected that the actual
experience of a re-birth, one that would not be termed renaissance, was not contingent upon the experience of Europe for
the term re-birth had been used under other contexts such as that of religion.
“I am thinking like an academic again!” I rebuked myself mercilessly, “but I am
an academic and it may be impossible to escape this cycle I accepted as my
lifestyle after all,” I justified myself as if making a case before a jury.
“What are you doing?” my mind asked itself.
“I am thinking about my journey as a writer!” it responded.
“What does that have to do with the whole jazz of renaissance?” my mind
asked again.
“What?” I protested.
“Yeah, you were reflecting on your childhood and all of a sudden jumped
to think about the African Renaissance…”
“I’m not following you… are you not a part of me?”
“Of course I am!”
“So, why are you asking me these questions? You’re diverting me to
self-criticism when I am supposed to think progressively about my journey!”
This is how my mind would play tricks on itself and engage in these
internal conflicts. In such times it acted so selfishly and caused splits
within itself in such a way that it turned into an ambiance matching a family
feud and at times it split itself into so many factions that it triggered a
global warfare amongst its factions. In most days, however, the solidarity was
so great that it generated such wonderful thoughts that translated into
tangible masterpieces. Because I know my mind in times when it starts to split
itself, I had to gather my courage and summon it back to thinking in a linear
fashion like those who educated me in Western-fashioned schools and advocated
that linearity is logic… against which I often protested in favor of defining
logic as a phenomenon that takes complex shapes and orientations. In any case,
the compromise was that we cease the argument and summarize our thinking about
the term renaissance.
As I thought about the term, I encountered
several considerations that were useful in my attempt to understand the
linguistic battles between some of the great minds of the African continent.
Since European languages are inherited commodities that served some Africans as
weapons to fight against European colonialism while serving other Africans to
gain acceptance into European social ranks, the issue of whether using
Renaissance to describe an African phenomenon was politically correct or not
was unavoidable and many scholars gibberished around the topic loosing
sight of the imperative issues that characterized the phenomenon. I recognize
the differences among our scholars and the positions of each camp as positions
that are characteristic of their socialization and interests. In my view, the
issue of language is one that will remain with us for as long as we utilize
colonial languages as official languages and have to describe African phenomena
in terms that the whole world ought to understand yet the rest of the world is
not bothered by trying to include us in the understanding of their terms by
using our languages. Nevertheless, my core interest was rooted in something
beyond language – the essence of the African Renaissance and the beam of hope
inherent in its essence.
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